Super-Resolution Microscopy

Super-Resolution Microscopy: Background and Nanopositioning Solutions

Products and resources for super-resolution microscopy, including piezo stages, nanopositioning systems, focusing devices, STED, STORM, 4Pi, RESOLFT, and TIRFM.

Background

Super-resolution (SR) microscopy emerged from the need to overcome the diffraction limit described by Ernst Abbe in the late 19th century, which restricted optical resolution to about 200 nm. For decades, this limit defined what could be observed with light microscopy. In the late 20th century, advances in lasers, detectors, and fluorescent labeling opened new possibilities. A major breakthrough came in the 1990s with STED microscopy, developed by Stefan Hell, which used patterned light to selectively switch off fluorescence and shrink the effective focal spot.

In the 2000s, single-molecule localization techniques such as PALM and STORM enabled reconstruction of images with nanometer precision by localizing individual fluorescent emitters. These methods transformed biological imaging, allowing researchers to visualize proteins and molecular structures at unprecedented resolution.

The significance of these innovations was recognized with the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Today, SR microscopy includes techniques such as STED, PALM, STORM, and SIM, and continues to evolve through advances in photonics, computation, fluorescence labeling, and precision positioning technologies.

Products for Super Resolution Microscopy:
Piezo Stages, Nano-Positioning / Focusing Systems

Super resolution microscopy (nanoscopy) refers to optical techniques that go beyond the diffraction limit. STED (stimulated emission depletion), STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) are some of the latest, most promising techniques. Super resolution microscopes are very often used as tools for bio-research looking at proteins and biomolecules; they achieve resolution down to the 10 nanometer scale.

Most super-resolution microscopes incorporate some kind of piezoelectric precision positioning device for scanning or focussing. Other ultra-high resolution optical microscopy techniques are known as 4Pi Microscopy, RESOLFT, TIRFM, Structured Illumination, confocal, SPEM, and PALM. PI offers nanopositioning piezo stages for SR-Microscopy applications.

More Information